Myths as Roman History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Shell Strategy Essay Example

Shell Strategy Paper Shell utilizes a wide separation procedure. Their plan of action is based on quality and separation which they use to separate the organization from its rivals. Shell is seen worldwide as one of the best oil and gas stalemates, and is reliably positioned as a top-maker in every single field where they share. Shell exploits their triumphs by remaining expansive all through their undertakings and permitting no chance, inside their offered fields, to cruise them by. Shell incorporates both on a level plane and vertically, and subsequently, they hold an imposing piece of the pie of each the oil and gas industry, the vitality business, and the synthetic business. Because of their inclinations in these fields, Shells items are utilized far and wide, and they in this manner play a part in Just about each market, of each sort around the world. How legitimate is this technique? Shells in general gathering system of More Upstream and Profitable Downstream, is a wide separation procedure and is essential for go with, for example, Shell, as they should endeavor to be out in front of the opposition. The embodiment of a wide separation methodology is to be one of a kind in manners that are significant to a wide scope of clients. One industry that Shell has as of late entered is sustainable power source, which is viewed as the fate of vitality, and a substitution for consuming petroleum products. We will compose a custom article test on Shell Strategy explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Shell Strategy explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Shell Strategy explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer On the off chance that Shell decides not to enter this market, Exxon would conceivable catch about half of his market in the United States. This would make a genuine detriment for Shell in the exceptionally not so distant future. In spite of the fact that Shell is prevalently an oil and gas organization, they proceed to improve and connect with new undertakings inside business sectors that can be firmly identified with their own, or here and there totally unique. For what reason is this system acceptable? Shells procedure is acceptable in light of the fact that it permits the organization to work vertically and on a level plane all through the oil and gas industry. They work a worldwide downstream market with its Lube Oil Blending and Manufacturing Plants, Chemical Plants, and Refineries. They have a solid brand inclination in the retail showcase. Shell has gracefully and exchanging improvement of diesel, naphtha, fuel and lamp oil all through the world. Their operational greatness in Technology has permitted them to utilize its information on all parts of their business to venture into zones that it recently was not partaking. The expansive separation methodology is imperative for most global partnerships as it powers the executives to develop and adjust to consistently changing business sector requests. On the off chance that Shell was not extensively separated, at that point organizations who are presently executing breeze power or different wellsprings of sustainable power source, would sibyl be equipped for constraining oil organizations like Shell to a little, feeble corner of the vitality part. Who doesnt need cleaner, more secure wellsprings of sustainable power source? The advertising office knows the answerer this is an inquiry, and that is the reason they seek after elective vitality sources Walt Trolley A procedure of global broadening has more worked in potential for upper hand than some other expansion methodology. Along these lines, organizations that contend global can seek after upper hand in world markets by finding their worth chain exercises in whatever countries demonstrate generally worthwhile. For what reason is this system terrible? Playing demons advocate, Shells methodology can be seen as negative since it might make a huge channel on budgetary assets, because of their expansive reach over the business range. Notwithstanding, so as to direct business in territories around the world, and research new plans to remain serious, Shell and different organizations ought to use a wide separation procedure. How is the opposition going to act? Sadly for Shell, the opposition is going to keep on doing precisely what Shell is doing. Shell, Exxon, Chevron, and the entirety of the significant oil and gas organizations are continually going to endeavor to remain one stride in front of their rivals. Every one of them are scanning for the best spotless fills, the best wellsprings of sustainable power source, and the following advancement in their fields. The opposition in this part is savage. Every one of these organizations must burn through billions of dollars every year Just to remain serious. Research, studying, enlisting, and acquisitions are on the whole crucial parts of Shells business and the contenders are for the most part battling for a similar data, abilities, and mechanical headways. Then again, Shell competes well with vitality organizations who offer one f the four other serious systems. The individuals who offer an engaged technique fall flat, as organizations, for example, Shell average get them out if the thoughts they have become a danger to the top makers. Ease and best-cost methodologies bomb in the vitality division also, in light of the fact that as everybody knows, vitality is a rewarding and costly business made gainful by the gigantic net revenues put on specific items. Wellbeing Safety Environment Sustainable Development Department We got input and data from the Health and Safety Environment Sustainable Development Department. Our contact, Anomaly Banned, is a consultant or this division. This office has the duty to help Shells Business system and its conveyance. For the most part for natural administration that underlines Shells needs. They relieve and oversee potential natural effects, and recognize chances of Shells activities and ventures. Moreover, they need to follow the Finance, Governance and Management, and Social Performance, Information and Management, and People Standards; they make for the whole Shell gatherings. I en methodology AT youngster satiety office Is Adult around People, Performance Ana Progress. They will likely create individuals by making and keeping up a domain where individuals can succeed, recognize qualities and improvement zones where consistent execution can be conveyed, and oversee chances adequately whereby progress can be made with partners. They will likely exhibit world class execution in their general vicinity with the organization of all the Shell organizations. At this moment, this offices center competency is focused on making a situation in Shell where Goal Zero can be accomplished. In this condition there are zero security episodes, zero ecological occurrences, and zero postponements due to ejaculatory or network challenge. They should develop the correct mentality about occurrences and about their obligation regarding forestalling them. Since, Shell works all inclusive, the norms set by Shell are reliable for the entirety of the Shell business over the globe. Objective Zero, the 12-Life sparing standards, and so on. Are no different in any case to what nation they are working in. Gathering norms are utilized which are runs on big business wide dangers that require regular treatment across Shell organizations. Shell keeps up bunch HOSE Performance Data that is imparted to the business. They guarantee their prosperity through the Goal Zero advancement and execution against key HOSE parameters of fatalities, lethal mishap rate, complete recordable case recurrence, lost time injury recurrence, all out recordable word related injury recurrence against presentation hours. With the end goal for Shell to separate their administration from rivalry and to give remarkable incentive to clients they do the accompanying: Every Shell Company has an efficient way to deal with HOSE SP the executives intended to guarantee consistence with the law and to accomplish nonstop execution improvement; sets focuses for development and quantifies, evaluates and reports execution; expects annotators to oversee HOSE SP in accordance with this strategy; requires Joint endeavors under its operational control to apply this arrangement, and utilizations its impact to advance it in its there adventures; connects viably with neighbors and affected networks; and incorporates HOSE SP execution in the examination of staff and rewards as needs be. The serious issue for this division is the ecological administration. This incorporates: worldwide initiative, acknowledgment, and execution. This division experiences difficulty working and finishing assignments/undertakings with their glo bal offices because of absence of real up close and personal contact. The undertakings take more time to accomplish on the grounds that initiative is difficult to keep unblemished all inclusive. The chiefs/pioneers all have normal approaches to work together, yet in some cases don't have adequate information. Likewise included is the offices execution for development. Proposals: Based on SOOT investigation, one approach to determine Shells way to deal with natural administration is by concentrating on its Environment Strategy and Action Plan. The division can go along Ana roller administrative Ana Internal ecological consistence in all exercises. Improve and convey organize ecological execution upgrades on the side of business execution. Be set up for critical business natural difficulties and chances of things to come. With this proposal Shell can concentrate on this arrangement and obviously follow steps to expand the offices execution. Representatives work all inclusive, including the administration groups. These groups meet to guarantee arrangement is steady over the globe. There must be steady correspondence internationally between all of Shells arms. Shells commonly concentrated association could potential cutoff the capacity of typical workers, and dependent on SOOT, this is a shortcoming that Shell should address. Decentralization their association in specific territories will enable workers to respond speedier to showcase changes, just as antagonistic circumstances. One approach to control decentralized associations is to give preparing aides and manuals

Creative College Essay Topics

Creative College Essay TopicsCollege essay topics are some of the most important parts of the process. If you think about it, in a lot of cases, college students do not have the time to write their own essays. The same is true for most students on the internet.Luckily, you do not have to choose between a college essay topic that can be researched online and one that have to be written by hand. There are plenty of creative college essay topics that can be written just as effectively. You just need to know where to find them.The first thing you want to do is find a few different website. The best way to go about this is to start with your school's website. In fact, most schools do provide this information online. Additionally, the admissions department will probably have a page where you can post your question or create a topic.Using a college application or an admissions counselor is a great way to find creative college essay topics. The whole point is to show your level of writing ab ility and to demonstrate your interest in the college. This way, they will have no reason to reject you.Once you find these topics, you need to figure out how to go about writing your essay. If you already know what you want to say, you might just write it yourself. However, if you are still debating what to write, you should go back and read the essay that you submitted to apply to other colleges. Read through it and try to remember what made it successful.This way, you can tweak the subject and tone of your essay until it sounds right. Once you have this completed, you will have a rough draft of your essay. Then, you can go back and edit it and make sure that it sounds like you.Speaking of editing, you should be doing this as well. You want to make sure that you follow the guidelines for college writing courses. This will ensure that you write the most effective essay possible.Remember, using creative college essay topics to write an essay is not difficult. If you follow the direc tions, you will be able to write a fantastic essay that will be accepted into college.

Interesting And Depressing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 397 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Mark Twain Essay Did you like this example? Do you know Mark Twain? Well ive been getting to know him alot. Here is one of his quotes Kindness is the language that the blind can see and deaf can hear. I think it means that be kind to everyone. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Interesting And Depressing" essay for you Create order Now im going to discuss his childhood,career,and death. Lets go! Mark had a normal childhood he moved when he was like 4 i wrote it down but yea he moved near Hannibal. He started thinking of writing books around that time. He grew up in hannibal up until 17 but more stuff happened before then. His dad died when he was 11 or 12 one or the other.He was a judge,shopkeep,and a lawyer very noble man but that was only a little while. Thats his childhood in a nutshell its not copied i just like that word. His career was interesting and depressing like he has a depressing end im serious. Ok so at the start he had a very successful company but at the end it went bankrupt which is some of the depressing part but wait till the end. Next after it went bankrupt he had no money and he started to lose money but he made it threw and got married to olivia langdon clemens and had 4 children named susy,clara,jean,and langdon. But im not done yet im just getting started with his career net was when he started writing books he wrote alot made lots of money but still he had a normal life till all but one of his children died his wife died to so there was depressing part. Next im going into his book writing he had a good career made lots of money but he got by. Mark Twain impacted the world by helping authors get to write more and leave very educational quotes but thats here nor there. He helped people be nice a hole lot more. Like his quote was awesomekindness is the language the deaf can hear and the blind can see.Thats really inspirational dont you think. He was an amazing writer. Mark twain had a peaceful death he died im london bye a heart attack. But he was still a good person minus that part where he was accused of being racist. Yeah he was really awesome and cool i bet he was funny to. R.I.P Mark Twain.

Fighting for What is Right in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray...

Fahrenheit 451 is a classic book read by many generations. It is known as a science fiction bookabout the future. The author of this novel is Ray Bradbury, who loved writing since he was a little boy. Bradbury’s book Fahrenheit 451 was published in 1953. Bradbury died in 2012, but he lives on in the words of his 50+ books he had written. Fahrenheit 451 , which was previously titled The Fireman, is his most well known book, and even though only 190 pages, it explains almost everything happening in the book. Fahrenheit 451 will live on for many decades. Fahrenheit 451 is set in the future, in America, where people do not read books, go outside, or be creative in any way. A lot of people just watch tv. The main character, Guy Montag is a†¦show more content†¦I like Mildred because of how empty and unaware she is portrayed as. After she swallowed pills for a failed suicide attempt, all she does is watch tv. She doesn’t live in the real world, she just sees these other lives. Mildred is obviously miserable, but at the same time she felt emotionless The only thing Mildred loved was the television. She sat there all day, watching soap operas and such. She doesn’t seem like a human being- she seems dead now. I wouldn’t ever want to be like Mildred Montag- but I definitely think she is an interesting character. I believe that the theme of the story is that you should fight for what’s right. Montag didn’t know anything about books but he burned them because that’s what he was told to do. Once he started reading them he knew what he was doing was wrong. He wouldn’t stop reading because that’s what he loved, even if it cost him his life. He escaped and ‘destroyed’ his life to read. On page 178 it says, â€Å"Some of us have had plastic surgery on our faces and fingerprints. Right now we have a horrible job; we’re waiting for the war to begin, and, as quickly, end.† The men who Montag met at the railroad tell him how much they have had to go through just to read, but in the end it is worth it. I liked the book a lot. I don’t usually like sci-fi books, but this book I did like. I liked the fact that Montag’s views change completely, from burning books to protecting them. I didn’t like how he killed his boss, because I feelShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 Critical Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Lintang Syuhada 13150024 Book Report 1 Fahrenheit 451 Critical Essay Human beings are naturally curious. We are always in search of better ideas, and new solutions to problems. One of a basic idea of Indonesia has been freedom of thinking and a free flow of ideas. But in some societies, governments try to keep their people ignorant. Usually, this is so governments can keep people under control and hold on to their power. In trying to keep people from the realities of the world, these oppressiveRead MoreThe Life Of Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury989 Words   |  4 PagesDehumanization in Fahrenheit 451 Humans typically have traits setting them apart from other species in the world, such as a conscious, feelings, and personal interests. Dehumanization remains a collective theme among dystopian literature; it occurs when someone treats a group of people as less than human, which strips them of human characteristics. Often times, the dehumanization of others does not go as far as physical harm or violence; however, it has the same negative result. Without necessaryRead MoreFahrenheit 451 and There Will Come Soft Rains793 Words   |  4 Pagesof foreshadowing. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains,† by Ray Bradbury are an example of similar stories by sharing some of the same qualities. These two readings can be said to be identical in some ways by containing a common idea of negative effects of war and the value of the natural world but can be contrasted by being consisted of two different kinds of main characters. Fahrenheit 451 shows these aspects throughout the novel. In Fahrenheit 451 Mrs. Phelps saysRead MoreA Flame-Filled Foreboding Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"There are worse crimes than book burning. One of them is not reading them.† The author of the novel in question, Ray Bradbury, said this statement regarding censorship and book burning, a main topic in his most famous novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is set in a futuristic dystopia in which books and other activities that don’t offer instant gratification (such as being a pedestrian) are banned, and in the case of books, burned. The protagonist of the story, Guy Montag, goes about a journey of self-discoveryRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Literary Analysis822 Words   |  4 Pagesor risk his life for something as simple as words on a page, brings readers into the corrupt society of Fahrenheit 451. In the novel Fahrenheit 451 author Ray Bradbury illuminates the idea that censorship creates an uninformed problemat ic society and knowledge sets you free; this becomes clear to readers when Guy Montag becomes aware and begins a quest for knowledge, while simultaneously fighting against a society that embraces censorship. The people in Montag’s society live meaningless lives, whereRead MoreEssay on Censoring the Pages of Knowledge1688 Words   |  7 Pagesown any books. How would you feel if you had someone burn your house because you have books hidden within the walls? One of the most prevalent themes in Ray Bradburys novel Fahrenheit 451 is the idea of censorship. In Bradburys fictional world, owning books is illegal. A firemans job is not putting out fires like one may assume. In Fahrenheit 451, a fireman has the job of starting fires. Firefighters start fires in homes containing books. If this were reality, there would be no homes to live inRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By George Orwell1931 Words   |  8 Pagesthese stories. In his novel, Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury describes a distant world in which the idea of censorship was exaggerated to such an extent that it was illegal for any literature to exist, and if found books are burned by the firemen. Similar to Bradbury’s society, 198 4 by George Orwell includes a corrupt government where members of the Party are under surveillance at all hours of the day, and the worst crime committed is thinking anything different from what the central leader, Big BrotherRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511113 Words   |  5 PagesWhat you give is what you get Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, a Swiss-American psychiatrist and author of the book Death and Dying, once imagined that, â€Å"The most beautiful people we have known are those who have known defeat, known suffering, known struggle, known loss, and have found their way out of those depths.† The text’s collection focus on Ray Bradbury’s science fiction, Fahrenheit 451 discusses about the growth and struggles of Guy Montag’s beliefs against his society. Montag is a fireman and hisRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512451 Words   |  10 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, is a prime example of social criticism. The story sets in the 24th century where people race jet cars; the author’s idea of the future. It shows a flawed social structure, controlled by the media and government with banning and burning of books, and suppressing society’s minds from history. Their logical thought was that it would keep society from thinking too much, which in turn would prevent bad thoughts, and to keep them â€Å"happy all the time†. The book tells a storyRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511592 Words   |  7 Pagesconstantly suffocated with what the world wants us to perceive is becoming a strenuous task. From the grocery store to the rooms of our very own homes nothing seems to be of our own conscience anymore. Yet we are able to turn a blind eye to this fact. Why’s that? Just take a few seconds to think to yourself, â€Å" How long [has] it [been]since you were really bothered? [Bothered ]about something important, about something real?†(pg) Ray Bradbury s book Fahrenheit 451 although written in 1953, was

Relationship Between Power And Resistance †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Between Power And Resistance. Answer: Introduction This essay is basically talking about the significance of change within an organization along with the problem of resistance to manage the organizational activities. This essay basically discuses about the relationship between power and resistance while implementing g the change within the organization. Further, ethical issues and managerial implications in change process are also discussed. Objective of this essay is to focus on the process of change management with the topic resistance to change. This essay describes the role of change process within the organization. Along with this, essay is also focused on the main reason of the resistance to change. There are many researchers who have provided their viewpoints on the resistance i.e. resistance to change is very time consuming and costly process which can impact and delay the process of change implementation in the organization. Along with this, there is one more assumption that resistance to change in the organization can be si gnificantly used as the learning point by the managers and leaders to develop in the business (Jabri, 2012). Change process within the organization can be described as the movement from present state to future state for making or doing something different within the organization. The organizational change basically includes significant planning to present stage to future stage. Change can be implemented in various functions of the organization i.e. mission, technological changes, operational changes, change in the behavior or change in the working style of the employees etc. Resistance to change takes place when employees are unable to understand the cause of change in the organization. There can be various reasons for the resistance of the change in the business process i.e. dislike of change, lack of clarity about the change, perceived negative impact of change by the employees etc. Basically, change is not any problem. The actual problem is resistance to change. So, the issue of resistance to change must be managed by the organizations with the implementation of proper change management program. Resistance in the organizations happens when the employees do not feel comfortable with the new changes or they are feeling some king of pressure due to the changes. So, it is crucial for the managers to understand the need and requirement for implementing the change according to the employees (Smith, 2015). Resistance as a problem Change is a crucial process for every organization. If an organization wants to achieve high level of success in the operation market, change is essential. The change can be implemented in many operations i.e. change in business operations, change in the business strategy, and change in vision or mission of the business etc. But it is understood that the process of implementing change is not an easy task. Employees do resistance to the change. Main cause of resistance in the organization is that they are afraid of certain things like how the change would affect on their performance, their working relationship with others and many other job related things. Sometimes, psychological resistance also can takes place by the employees (Mar, 2013). There are some reasons of resistance that can take place within the organization: Sometimes, the reason of resistance is uncertainty as people want to avoid some uncertain things in their job role. All the past things are well known for them and in such case, they become afraid of adopting new things. One of the main reasons of resistance is disturbance in their routine life. It is well known that every person has some habitual routines and patterns in their life so; it is not easy to change of the employees with the new routine. So, they move towards resistance to change (Hjorth Daniel, 2005). Employees sometimes are not sure about the new strategies so they resist exchanging the old and familiar strategies with the new strategy. Sometimes, they do not have proper knowledge about the new strategies and in such case, they move to resistance. Sometimes, employees can feel pressure due to the change in the organization. When the employees face some difficulties in achieving the business objectives and goals then they move towards resistance to change (Rick, 2013). In the organization, small amount of resistance is acceptable for the business operations, but high level of resistance is not acceptable in the organization as it impacts on the success and growth in the operating market. Resistance can be serious problem when it moves over the set lines and creates negative impact on the organizational process and the employees. So, it is important to manage the resistance in timely manner otherwise it would be difficult for the organization to manage the business operations with the employee resistance. The cause of resistance can be decreased efficiency, lower mortality among employees, and depressive working environment. Due to these issues, there can be conflicts among the employees within the organization. In such manner, there is the need to develop an effective strategy to deal with the issue of resistance to change. Managers need to communicate with the employees to understand their thoughts and viewpoints so that exact problems and issues of the employees can be identified effectively. For the managers, it is important to manage the change without resistance as it can be a serious issue for business operations in future. By the facilitation, communication, support, co-operations or manipulation, managers would be able to deal with the issue of resistance (Thomas Hardy, 2011). Relationship between power and resistance It is understood that change is an important part for the organizational growth. to stay competitive in the operating market, organizations have to adopt some innovative strategies to lead success in the business. By adopting effective strategies, organization would be able to deal with the challenges during the implementation of change. Because of resistance, the change process can be delayed. So, it is crucial for the organizations how to manage the resistance to change. There is the significant relationship between power and resistance. Power is considered as the important element to manage the resistance to change (Leming and Spicer, 2006). The term power can be described as the process that impact on thoughts, viewpoints, behavior and opinions of employees by respecting their desires. The term power is expected to have among the managers to deal with the resistance in the organization. Managers can use power to gather important information by which impact of resistance can be reduced in the business practices. Resistance can be the problematic for the managers and organizations and they need to tackle this issue with their capability and understanding. According to various researches, power has the ability change the assumption or perception of someone for some process. If the term power is used effectively by the managers, the impact of resistance can be reduced at some level (Erkama, 2010). Ethics for managerial and resistant position It is well known that change is an ongoing process and organizations are continuously adopting the change process to achieve competitive advantage in the market. For managing resistance to change, ethics and ethical responsibilities of the managers are the crucial part in the change management process. There are ethical codes of conducts which have to be fulfilled by the change managers during the change process. They basically ensure the satisfaction level of employees during the implementation of change. Further, change managers also have responsibilities in terms of managing change within the organization. There are some ethical issues that lead to resistance while implementing change (Karreman Alvesson, 2009). One of the ethical issues is self-gain. This issue occurs when the manager or any powerful person take advantage of his position for their personal benefit during the change. To deal with this, organizations need to define the ethical conducts for the employees and their knowledge. Further, social impact is another ethical issue that organizations have to face while executing the change. For example, in some case, raw materials and labors are cheaper and an organization would save many resources but the social impact might be failed as the employees are not motivated. To deal with the ethical issues, managers have some duties and responsibilities to manage the change within the organization. Managers in the organization have significant position which makes them accountable for the ethical conducts in the business operations. They have to analyze the behavior and attitude of the employees i.e. their behavior is appropriate for the organization or not. Along with this, managers are accountable to reduce the unethical behaviors that have negative impact on the business activities. Further, managers are also responsible for the effective change process along with the ethical conducts so that the organizational goals and objectives can be achieved easily (Stemwedel, 2014). Managerial implications for managerial position Change management is an integral part of the change process in any organization. Change management process is performed and implemented the change managers for the success of the organization. Change management basically include managing resistance and focusing on the achievement of organizational objectives and goals. For the successful change management process, managers have to focus on some rational views while performing the change process within the organization. The process of change is an important activity to reduce the impact of resistance to change. There must be proper decision making process in the change management. On the other hand, it must be noted that implementation of change is a difficult process also so; it needs proper and sufficient resources for the effective change management plan (Kreinen, Hollensbe Sheep, 2006). With the rational view of change management, managers must gather proper information related to the decision problem so that the set goals and ob jectives can be achieved easily by the managers. If the managers adopt effective decision making process then organization would be able to achieve success in the competitive market. There are some steps which can be adopted by the managers in the change management process for implementing effective change (Hersey Blanchard, 2012). Those steps are as follows: Identifying and analyzing issues and problem in the organization, Finding alternative of the problem, Understanding the options for the problem, Selection most appropriate option, Implementing the solution, and Evaluation of the success of the change management plan (McKay et al, 2012) By adopting above described process, organization would be able to understand the thoughts, view points and the problem which they are facing during their job role. Along with this, by adopting these steps in the change management plan, managers would be able to minimize the negative impact of resistance to change on the business activities. Conclusion This essay focuses on the problem of resistance within the organization while the managers are implementing the change for the profit of business. Based on the above discussion, it is observed that the process of resistance is problematic for the organizations. The success of the organizations depends upon the satisfaction level of the employees. It is analyzed that resistance can be the cause of conflicts among the employees and reduce their efficiency in the business activities. To deal with the problem of resistance, organizations must find out effective and innovative ways so that the change management plan can be implemented significantly. It is well known that change is an ongoing process which is crucial for the business operations. Foe managing resistance to change, ethics is important part of the organization. By understanding the ethical responsibilities, managers would be able to achieve success. Further, it is also observed that managers have responsibility to encourage t he employees who are facing problem during the implementation of change. Change management is an important activity to stay competitive in the operating market so it requires decision making process by the managers. It basically involves the evaluation of the actual problem the employees are facing and potential solution for implementing the change successfully. In conclusion, it is analyzed that for leading change successfully, organizations need to identify the actual reason of resistance why it is problematic so that the impact of this problem can be minimized. Further, managers must adopt some business ethics during the change process to ensure that employees are satisfied with the implemented change or not because employees are backbone of the organization. So, they must be satisfied with their job role. References Erkama, N. (2010). Power and resistance in a multinational organization: Scandinavian Journal of Management. 26. pp 151-165. Jabri, (2012). Understanding and managing organizational resistance. pp. 219-236. Karreman, D., Alvesson, M. (2009). Resisting resistance: Counter resistance, consent and compliance in a consultancy firm: Human Relations, 62(8), 11151144. Mar, A., (2013). Why Resistance to Change is a Big Problem. Retrieved on 7th October 2017 from https://management.simplicable.com/management/new/why-resistance-to-change-is-a-big-problem McKay, J., Marshall, P., Grainger, N., Hirschheim, R., (2012). Change Implementers Resistance: Considering Power and Resistance in IT Implementation Projects: Change Implementers Resistance. Retrieved on 7th October 2017 from https://dro.deakin.edu.au/eserv/DU:30049124/mckay-changeimplementers-2012.pdf Rick, T., (2013). CHANGE IS NOT THE PROBLEM RESISTANCE TO CHANGE IS THE PROBLEM. . Retrieved on 7th October 2017 from https://www.torbenrick.eu/blog/change-management/change-is-not-the-problem-resistance-to-change-is-the-problem/ Stemwedel, J. D., (2014). Resistance to ethics is different from resistance to other required courses. Retrieved on 7th October 2017 from https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/doing-good-science/resistance-to-ethics-is-different-from-resistance-to-other-required-courses/ Thomas, R. Hardy, C. (2011). Reframing resistance to organisational change. Scandinavian Journal of Management. 27 pp. 322-331 Hersey, P. Blanchard, K. (2012). Management of organizational behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Smith,C., (2015). 5 Barriers to Change Management and How to Easily Overcome Them, retrieved on 7th October 2017 from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/5-barriers-change-management-how-easily-overcome-them-smith Hjorth, Daniel (2005). Organizational Entrepreneurship: with de Certeau on Creating Heterotopias (or spaces for play): Journal of Management Inquiry. 14(4). 386- 398. Kreinen, G. E., Hollensbe, E. C., Sheep, M. L. (2006). On the edge of identity: Boundary dynamics at the interface of individual and organizational identities. Human Relations. 59(10). 13151341. Leming and Spicer (2006). The faces of power in organisations. In Contesting the corporation: Struggle, power and resistance in organizations. Cambridge University Press. Chapter

Public Diplomacy and its Impact on Foreign Policies

Introduction Public diplomacy entails the impact of public attitudes on the compilation and implementation of foreign policies. Public diplomacy includes the execution of public opinion by a government to a foreign country. Public diplomacy can also be viewed as the process of communicating foreign affairs and its influence on policy as well as the system of inter-cultural interactions (Melissen, Lee, Sharp, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public Diplomacy and its Impact on Foreign Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report will first offer a brief background detail on the U.S. public diplomacy, its legal underpinnings, and the evolution of the current U.S. public diplomacy. Public diplomacy will be viewed as a fundamental tool for facilitating security, liberty, and economic sustainability across the globe. This paper will look at the events that ensued after the September 11, 2001 te rrorist’s attacks, to show how the United States public diplomacy has changed to mitigate further threats to the U.S. security. This paper will also examine the application of hard power and soft power, according to the U.S. public diplomacy. Background This section offers an analysis of various platforms that the U.S. government initiated to promote its public diplomacy across the world. In this case, public diplomacy will be defined as the advancement of the U.S. interests, culture, and ideologies via sensitizing and manipulating foreign populations. The U.S. government, under the leadership of President Woodrow Wilson reckoned its application of public diplomacy practices in the wake of the 20th Century (Nye, 2005). This legislative platform explains the historical context of the U.S. citizen-oriented public diplomacy as it evolved since World War I. The current organization of the U.S. public policy can be linked to the following legal foundations. The United States Infor mation and Educational Exchange Act of 1948, the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, the U.S. International Broadcasting Act of 1994. The U.S. Information and Education Exchange Act was designed after the World War II to serve as a platform for peacemaking programs outside the U.S. by using education services. The primary purpose of this Act was to bring forth the mutual understanding between the citizens of the U.S. and other people across the world. This Act provides the office of the Secretary of the state with authority to formulate and spread information concerning the people of the U.S., their policies, and values via the media and lecturers working abroad. The State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 gave the Secretary of the State the mandate to design and implement public diplomacy guidelines. This Act requires the Secretary to collaborate with both public and private organizations to promote dissem ination of information regarding the United States public policy.Advertising Looking for research paper on diplomacy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Mutual and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 was formulated to maximize tolerance between the citizens of the U.S. and other people across the world via educational and cultural exchanges. The Act also sought to facilitate global cooperation for cultural and educational development. Consequently, this would help in the growth of friendly and peaceful interrelations between the U.S. and the international community. The United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 serves the purpose of enlightening the international community about the U.S. concerning promotion of integration, peace, and democracy (Nye, 2011). This Act ensures a concise projection of the U.S. opinion and institutions, manifesting the U.S. cultural values and beliefs. This Act was employed after the 9/11 att acks to introduce the Voice of America broadcasts in Afghanistan. These four legislative Acts form the foundations of the U.S. public policy defining how the U.S. relates with the world today. Statement of the problem Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, an international debate escalated concerning the U.S. public diplomacy. Most public policy reforms in the U.S. have been created because of necessity rather than out of goodwill to promote international peace and security. Due to the increasing attacks on the U.S., and its allies across the globe, a consensus is growing that the U.S. public diplomacy needs to be revisited to create new policy directives and systems. New policies need to be developed to show why the U.S. is engaging the war against terrorism and why facilitating it is in the interests of the international community. Since terrorism has now grown to be an imminent threat to U.S. security, it is now in the national interest that American government has to devise and implement its public diplomacy in a manner that it attracts substantial support from the foreign countries. Thus, more importantly, the U.S. requires to improve the foreign policies not necessarily to increase its popularity in the international community, but because it has become a necessity in combating the state of insecurity facing its borders. A more elaborate approach and modernized structure are needed to initiate a firm standing of public diplomacy in the U.S. international policy. To address these issues, the U.S. government needs critical reforms that will trigger strategic planning and collaboration among all involved entities. Therefore, this report will emphasize the burgeoning discussions about public diplomacy between the U.S. and the Islamic states.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public Diplomacy and its Impact on Foreign Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite th e essence attached to soft power as a tool for developing public diplomacy, most people have termed its application by the U.S. as an instrument for persuasion towards achieving self-interests (Atkinson, 2010). Therefore, this study will evaluate the concept of soft power and show how it can help nurture admirable public diplomacy. If used for selfish agendas, this paper will show that soft power has the potential to cause long-term conflicts between states. For instance, the case of the ongoing conflicts between the U.S. and some countries in the Islam society such as Iraq and Afghanistan indicates failed approaches of soft power and the resultant response using hard power. Nevertheless, soft power strategies will be viewed as a modern approach that the U.S. can employ to bolster its public diplomacy across the world. The 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks More than a decade past the attacks, the events that ensued that day hold in Americans minds. The large part of the U.S. popul ation still holds the perception that the anti-terrorism policies that were put in place after the attacks indicate that the U.S. poor policies before 9/11 might have fueled the attacks. The U.S. involvement in activities against terrorism facilitated change in attitudes and demands regarding safety and surveillance. This event introduced a new bunch of policies such as the USA Patriot Act that emphasized national safety at the peril of civil democracies. These changes made a huge impact on the international community, most notably in the Muslim nations in the Middle East. The U.S. public diplomacy was seen, as a factor contributing to the changing attitudes of other nations towards the U.S. (Osgood Etheridge, 2010). Anti-Americanism became a common belief among many people, thus affecting the U.S. image abroad. Consequently, various major rapid transformations were put in place to address this issue. Response The 9/11 attacks served as an awakening call to the Bush administration. The Bush administration awakened and introduced many initiatives that sought to rebrand the U.S. from an international bully to a compassionate partner. To reach the ordinary population of Muslims living in the U.S. and the citizens of the Middle East nations, public diplomacy is viewed as a fundamental tool to steer the U.S.’ soft power approach. Currently, thousands of ordinary people, particularly from the Muslim communities, are yet to see the U.S. as a compassionate hegemony, but rather they view it as a hostile and bully nation. This negative perception has led to the development of a young generation of extremists willing to retaliate towards the U.S. through terror threats.Advertising Looking for research paper on diplomacy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this light, the U.S. public policy towards Muslim fraternity is rooted in the perception that these negative connotations must be combated and replaced by genuine efforts of public diplomacy (Zaharna, 2014). However, the approach to neutralizing terror and extremism activities matters a lot since the U.S. has competing interests in promoting its image as an epitome of global peace and ensuring safety for its nation. From the onset of the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the Bush administration had to raise its recognition for public diplomacy to win support in the war on terror. Initially, the U.S. public diplomacy aimed at harnessing support on the war against Iraq, arguing that this fight was inevitable. For a long time after the attacks, public reaction remained mixed (Richmond, 2008). Leaders from the Islamic militant groups condemned the U.S. for its bullying practices against the weak states in the world. Similarly, many people across the world expressed their concerns that the a ttacks were retaliation against the U.S. political and cultural interference in the Middle East and international affairs. Most Islamic communities condemned the U.S. for being an enemy of peace in the Middle East, and some went ahead to celebrate the attacks. However, people across the globe, even those who believed the U.S. contributed to the attacks still expressed concerns and disappointment for the killing of innocent lives. Barely a week after the attacks, the ambassadors of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) declared that the attacks on any of its members were an attack on all the members of NATO. Even though NATO did not allow military retaliation, this statement reflected the U.S. public diplomacy and its support from other quarters. Similarly, immediately after the attacks, the United Nations Security Council urged all countries to triple their efforts towards curbing terrorist threats. It also encouraged all States to combat the financing of terrorism and parti cipate in all anti-terrorism activities. In other words, these utterances by independent bodies were a clear reflection of the fight the U.S. had always campaigned to gain support. These events manifested an opportunity for the U.S. to sell its public diplomacy to the world on its campaign against terrorist’s heinous activities. However, these expressions of support and oneness did not indicate that other nations offered the U.S. the green light to respond as they wish or to any target. Just as it is inscribed in the U.S. foreign policies declarations, the U.S. allies and rivals expressed similar concerns for the U.S. to take caution and avoid biased retaliation that could threaten alienation of Muslims around the globe. As an act of solidarity and in support of the American fight on extremism and terrorism, more than 30 states authorized military support to the U.S. and continued cooperation. Eventually, most leaders across the globe came to terms with George Bush’s a rgument that the war on terrorism was a global endeavor. In this light, it can be argued that the world was eventually coming into terms to aid America to eradicate anti-American sentiments. In response to the issue of border porosity, the U.S. government then led by President George W. Bush made advancements on the policies regarding immigration and deportation. The Bush administration developed the Department of Homeland Security in 2002 to oversee the merging of government agencies concerned with immigration and registration services. This aspect led to the formation of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Since its inception, ICE has led a tremendous rise in deportations. Even though the deportations were meant to improving the border security, this policy was met with huge criticism from the Middle East countries. Anti-American attitudes and its policies are hugely protested against among the Middle East countries. Following the advent of the attacks, several travel po licies changed dramatically. The airport rules, security, and procedures experienced significant overhauls. The security services were transferred to the Transportation Security Administration to formulate new security guidelines as well as to conduct screening at all commercial airport checkpoints in the U.S. Even though these procedures improved air travel safety, they breached on privacy rights. In various instances, these new rules heightened scrutiny of minority groups. For example, travelers with a Middle East descent felt and believed they were prime targets of these new policies. Moreover, many people did not share the belief that the U.S. missions abroad were credible. What does the example demonstrate? While the 9/11 attacks attracted unimaginable global support for the U.S., they also brought to light that a huge number of people combine efforts against the U.S. missions abroad. Before the 9/11 attacks, the Congress and several administrators undermined the essence of fun ding public diplomacy practices across the world. Public diplomacy was seen as less critical compared to other government activities such as military functions. This diminished belief in the essence of public diplomacy was further crippled by sentiments from Muslim communities that the U.S. misused public diplomacy to avoid issuing honest explanations on its agenda in foreign countries. The deteriorating support for the US-orchestrated fight against extremism hugely compromises the significance of its public diplomacy. However, U.S. should consider diverse opinions, political ideologies, values, and cultural beliefs of other nations when designing and spreading its public policies. This approach is better placed towards making the U.S. actions better acknowledged and more effective in the international community. The mixed reactions expressed by the public following the attacks symbolize that the U.S. might have missed the point in the process of selling its public diplomacy across the globe. Some people felt that the U.S. cultural hegemony and values were meant to Americanize the world. This feeling of Americanization is highly seen as a way of disrespect to cultures of the weak states and a target to the Islam community. Even though the education and cultural exchange programs were meant to nurture a better understanding of the U.S. to the international community, the whole process is seen to ignore the values of other cultures. The U.S. tends to perceive its culture as standard and seeks to market its beliefs with no regards for other nation’s culture. The lack of mutual understanding is what causes retaliation by states who feel that the U.S. is meddling in their internal affairs for its malicious benefits. Additionally, the events of 9/11 manifested that the concept of public diplomacy is interdependent in the sense that nations have to learn other nation’s policies and appreciate them to build trust. The U.S. is seen to have overlooked the concept of interdependence in promoting its public diplomacy abroad. Besides, the promotion of public diplomacy in some cases is linked with unintended consequences. Some people who lead these programs abroad have met unforeseeable challenges such as responding to inaccurate stories and meddling of facts concerning the U.S. Lessons Learned The U.S., as well as the world, learned many things from the terrorist attacks of 9/11. One major lesson from this example is that America is vulnerable to terrorist activities. Before the events of 9/11, most Americans never imagined an attack on the American soil. Every American believed that the countries public diplomacy was sound enough to offer an acceptable representation of its values across the world. However, these events served as an awakening call and caught everyone unaware. Initially, Americans thought they had allies all over the world, and the few adversaries were not aggravated to the extent of retaliating with terror attacks. Unf ortunately, terrorism caught up with Americans, and it is increasingly evident that more adversaries are planning retaliation at the U.S. Second, even though hard power has worked in the past, the time has come for the U.S. to re-evaluate its stance on hard power and try other means such as soft power to minimize anti-Americanism. Soft power is more effective and flexible procedure in modern international relations because of its tolerance and sustainability. Contrary, hard power has deteriorated and has become less efficient today as the international system evolves through negotiations. To get others to do what one wants, in this case, the U.S. against the world, hard power has been viewed as a coercive tool and undesirable in the modern society. Following the attacks, those who felt that the U.S. was responsible for its misfortune argued that before the events, the U.S. had applied coercive diplomacy and economic sanctions to undermine cultures and political organizations of othe r nations. For instance, countries in the Middle East perceived these invasions as a threat to their independence and peace. Third, many U.S. policymakers realized the necessity of how its public diplomacy is perceived by other nations. Following the 9/11 attacks, a former Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy downplayed previous sentiments by a section of the Congress that money spends on public diplomacy could be redirected to other important affairs such as the military. The Under Secretary insisted that public diplomacy instruments are as crucial in the fight against terrorism as military instruments and they should be accorded similar recognition. Third, the tenets of soft power must not be used to serve malicious agendas. Soft power strategies have the capacity to engage or persuade other states or actors to do what one wishes. Persuasive power relies on intangible power avenues that include educational and cultural exchanges, ideology, and institutions. However, the M iddle East countries have always questioned the legitimacy of the U.S. use of soft power. The U.S. activities in the Middle East and most parts of the world have been seen as lacking legitimacy and focusing on advancing American interests at the expense of others. The U.S.’ use of persuasion is viewed as a tool to punish, compel, and attract support for the US-led agendas. This world’s view of the U.S. public diplomacy will further expose it to more adversaries and despite the preparedness, pressure for fresh attacks will continue to mount. Apparently, there is a widespread recognition that the increasingly negative public views concerning the U.S. might influence how supportive countries will respond in the fight on terrorism. The anti-American opinions create a flourishing environment for terrorist activities such as recruitment and funding. However, as America wishes to spread its influence abroad, it is necessary to abide by their traditions that require honesty an d credibility. Failure to act honestly will place the U.S. in a more risky position and threaten the safety of its citizens both locally and abroad. The events that befell the U.S. in 9/11 serve as an example of the uncertainty of public diplomacy consequences within other nations. Many countries have learned from this event that any nation is susceptible to retaliation by groups who fail to comprehend their public diplomacy abroad. Many countries have increased emphasis on credible public diplomacy and even encourage open criticism on issues that are deemed coercive or targeting certain communities (Fitzpatrick, 2009). Besides the bilateral relationships, many countries have engaged in international broadcasting to project their image and values abroad. For instance, immediately after the 9/11 attacks, the Voice of America launched its broadcasts to Afghanistan and within other Muslim societies. VOA targeted featuring a mix of events happening in both the U.S. and the host nation. The effectiveness of soft and hard power in nurturing public diplomacy Just before the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the U.S. public diplomacy on foreign issues had highly relied on soft power. Since the end of World Wars and the subsequent U.N. economic sanctions against Iraq in 1991 due to the first Gulf War, use of hard power declined. Nations started buying to the idea of soft power. The highly modernizing states expressed an increasing need to end the coercive retaliations and inducement of threats. To build a better picture of its values, the U.S. used the media, educational exchanges, sports, and envoys among other institutions to market its public diplomacy across the world (Sharp, 2009). Many commentators viewed this move as an alternative way of persuading other nations and actors to support the missions of the U.S. In this light, most nations felt cheated by the U.S. in the sense that it did not appreciate the underlying values of the cultures of other nations. Soft power ap proach turned out as a means of attraction and persuasion towards supporting the US-led ideologies. Failure to tolerate other people ideologies and beliefs triggered concerns over the legitimacy of the U.S. soft power approach. Following the events of 9/11, the U.S. sought to utilize hard power since its high national income and large armed forces enabled it to put terrorist-linked states such as Iraq under economic pressure. This move was geared towards suppressing funding for terror activities. Besides, the U.S. felt that it had no time to start negotiations and using hard power was relatively less time consuming and yielded results in a short time. However, this approach was not the best in addressing public diplomacy issues. Even though hard power tends to bring an immediate response, its effect is short-lived, but soft power has the potential to influence long-term change. Attraction and persuasions that are well-intentioned could have served as a better way to advance the U.S. image across the globe. The use of soft power has the potential to change one’s response since one act willingly but in a way, different to their normal behavior. Contrary, coercion and economic sanctions compel an actor to respond in an expected way but different to one’s normal behavior. Coercion results to further conflicts and negotiations to consensus. For example, the repressive measures employed by the U.S. against the Afghanistan since the 9/11 attacks have left Afghanistan in a series of civil wars and unrest worse than before the U.S. engagement (Golan, Yang, Kinsey, 2014). Comparing this case to the soft power tactics used to form the European Union that has resulted in decades of peace, it indicates the importance of persuasion in advancing public diplomacy in other nations. Furthermore, the tenets of the modern world order undermine the efficiency of hard power models. These characteristics include the spread of information technology, the spirit of nati onalism in most states, economic interdependence, and the triumph of democracy. For instance, in 2003, the U.S. invaded Iraq to neutralize the terrorist groups. The U.S. failed to understand the key principles of soft power. First, Bush administration undermined the U.S.’s dependence on their allies’ support and international public support. Second, the legitimacy of the action was not approved for its significance. This action failed and in the long term, the U.S. public diplomacy has been dented as the event undermined the U.S. international standing. Due to the many shortcomings degrading the efficiency of hard power, it is difficult to enhance the success of public diplomacy based on hard power strategies (Rugh, 2011). However, this does not guarantee that soft power resources are always successful in creating a better image for a state in the global stage. Some soft power resources are questionable and at other times, misinterpreted. For instance, the US Africa Co mmand is an example of bloated soft power models. The U.S. agenda in Africa mirrored three key aspects that included oil exploration, terrorist threats and the China’s escalating effect in Africa. AFRICOM ideas were shared as a soft power model, but African leaders, among other political spectators perceived the move as imperialist motives the U.S. intended to partake in Africa. AFRICOM agenda together with the recurrent Iraq invasions tampered with the U.S. soft power intentions. Nonetheless, such unsuccessful soft power strategies are occasionally expected. Various events stand out to offer cases in which soft power resources have flourished in advancing public diplomacy for actors involved. The European Union has consistently depicted the potential of soft power strategies in ensuring peace and integration of different cultures. The attractiveness of E.U. participation promotes its image at the international level. The same image is reflected about its member states; thus, serving as a useful platform for selling off public diplomacy for individual states. Educational and cultural exchanges, as well as volunteering, are strategies of soft power that assists substantially to the safety and well-being of American citizens locally and overseas. Volunteering and training add to the organizational capacity building, respect for democracy and honor for human rights, all of which are principles that help shape the American image abroad. Therefore, such events promote mutual understanding and intercultural appreciation and thus minimizing chances of conflicts. For a long period in the history of the U.S., public diplomacy has been shaped by the activities it conducts abroad. The countries in the Middle East feel that they have been a target for misappropriation of soft power by the U.S. This notion is highly attributed to the continuing heated relationship between the U.S. and a section of the Islamic states. However, this is changing over time some states s uch as Cuba is coming to good terms with the U.S. over years of application of soft power strategies. Recently Cuba and the U.S. have re-established bilateral relationships giving a chance to both states to sell their public diplomacy. Another case of effective soft power strategy is the U.S. effort to bolster its influence in Africa by using various institutions that include the African Growth and Opportunity Act that seeks to promote bilateral trade agreements tied to defined socio-economic and political reforms. Second is the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, which is a global health initiative offering financial solutions to facilitate national reforms to prevent AIDS/HIV. The third approach is the Millennium Challenge Corporation formed on the basis the aid and grants are better utilized when they advance democracy, good governance, economic interdependence, and investments in people empowerment. These programs target to alleviate negative connotations held abo ut the U.S. imperialist interests in Africa and elsewhere. In the process, the U.S. is building its reputation, thus increasing its influence in global affairs through allies. The eligibility criteria for these programs are compelling and a strong persuasive instrument. The attractiveness of the U.S. humanitarian assistance in Africa and elsewhere in the world enhances world’s perception about the U.S. Conclusion Many people see the U.S. public diplomacy as a foreign public relations tool used to propagate its interests abroad. The public has expressed mixed reactions with some perceiving public diplomacy as a fundamental foreign policy tool while others disregard it as a government program full of uncertain long-term benefits. Following the 9/11 attacks, policymakers have called for a rise in public diplomacy support to win the attitudes and minds of anti-Americans and assist combat terrorism. However, all actors must recognize that public diplomacy is only effective if the message it bears is credible and legitimate. Current surveys continue to indicate that vast majority of world’s population view the U.S. activities abroad with skepticism. When the message fails to match with what it purports to convey, then public diplomacy is ineffective. Public diplomacy must now serve as a platform for negotiations aiming to achieve a better understanding of societies as well as create genuine interrelationships between countries. If dialogue cannot lead to long-term relationships between the U.S. and the rest of the world, it will be hard to build trust. Without trust, public diplomacy is ineffective and meaningless. The U.S. should increase funding for public diplomacy activities, particularly among the Muslim populations and clearly communicate what it stands for through exchanges, volunteering, and broadcasting overseas. Since the vast majority of Muslim population agree to what the U.S. advocates and do not subscribe to violence practices, the U.S. v ia public diplomacy must find means to draw a line between those who advocate for peace and those who use violence and terror as their way to air their grievances. Therefore, the U.S. can benefit if it employs public diplomacy more assertively to highlight its actions abroad legitimately. References Atkinson, C. (2010). Does Soft Power Matter? A Comparative Analysis of Student Exchange Programs, 1980-2006. Foreign Policy Analysis,6(1), 1-22. Fitzpatrick, K. (2009). The Future of U.S. Public Diplomacy: An Uncertain Fate. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff. Golan, G., Yang, S., Kinsey, D. (2014). International Public Relations and Public  Diplomacy: Communication and Engagement. New York, NY: Peter Lang. Melissen, J., Lee, D., Sharp, P. (2007). The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in  International Relations. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Nye, J. (2005). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York, NY: Public Affairs. Nye, J. (2011). The Future of Power. New York, NY: Public Affairs. Osgood, K., Etheridge, B. (2010). The United States and Public Diplomacy: New  Directions in Cultural and International History. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Richmond, Y. (2008). Practicing Public diplomacy: A Cold War Odyssey. New York, NY: Berghahn Books. Rugh, W. (2011). The Practice of Public Diplomacy: Confronting Challenges Abroad.  New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Sharp, P. (2009). Diplomatic Theory of International Relations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Zaharna, R. (2014). Battles to Bridges: US Strategic Communication and Public  Diplomacy after 9/11. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. This research paper on Public Diplomacy and its Impact on Foreign Policies was written and submitted by user Qu1nt1n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.